How to manage an allergic reaction to dogs
We all know that dogs are one of the most loyal and affectionate companions for families of all shapes and sizes, but what do you do if you love dogs but are allergic to them? It’s a harsh reality for many dog lovers but you’re not alone! In this guide we will take a look at what dog allergies really are, the symptoms to look out for, what you can do about a dog allergy, and some of the dog breeds that could be more suitable for those with dog allergies.
What causes allergic reactions to dogs?
First things first, what are allergens? Allergens are usually harmless substances that trigger an immune response in people with allergies, resulting in symptoms such as sneezing and itchy eyes.
Dog allergies occur when your immune system reacts to allergens from your pet, such as saliva, dander (dead skin cells) or their urine and faeces. While all dog breeds can potentially cause allergies, the degree to which they are suffered will vary because of the variation in how much hair and skin flakes different breeds shed. Dog allergies, along with other types of pet allergies, are a common trigger for allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis – which is also known as common hay fever.
Could a hypoallergenic dog be the answer? A 'hypoallergenic dog' is the term given to specific dog breeds that are often found to be more compatible for anyone who has certain dog allergies caused by the protein found in dog saliva and dander (flakes from their skin that sheds naturally). It is important to note that no dog is actually hypoallergenic – some breeds simply shed less hair (or don't shed that much at all), and are suitable for people who are prone to allergies or other sensitivities.
Some of these hypoallergenic breeds can include the following:
- Labradoodle
- Schnauzer
- Italian Greyhound
- Maltese
- Shih Tzu
Symptoms of an allergic reaction to dogs
Symptoms of dog allergies can include sneezing, hay fever, wheezing or asthma, itching or irritated skin conditions such as a rash. Allergic reactions can range from mild sensitivity to much more severe symptoms, depending on the individual person, as well as how much allergens you are exposed to. Skin symptoms of dog allergy to look out for also include raised red patches of skin (hives), eczema or itchy skin.
However, did you know that up to one in two people with a pet allergy do not experience immediate symptoms? Many people with an allergy are actually sensitive to multiple allergens not just from their dog or pet, and so should focus on reducing all allergens they are exposed to rather than simply addressing their pet allergy alone.
How to know if you’re allergic to dogs
If you're wondering whether you're allergic to dogs, it’s best to watch for common symptoms like sneezing, a runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, or skin reactions like hives after being around them. If your signs and symptoms are severe or your breathing is restricted and you have difficulty sleeping, it’s important to seek medical care.
If you find yourself experiencing these symptoms regularly, a doctor can confirm a dog allergy through skin prick tests or allergen-specific (RAST) tests. In some cases, you may need to see a specialist, such as an allergist for further assessment.
Can you be allergic to certain dog breeds?
While completely allergy-free breeds do not exist, some pooches are considered more allergy-friendly than others as the nature of their coat or fur allows them to shed less dander and release less symptom-inducing allergens. Remember, it’s possible to live with a dog even if you have a dog allergy, as long as you have a program for cleaning and managing allergens. Phew!
Breeds that may be more problematic for allergy sufferers
Heavy-shedding breeds will lose a significant amount of fur year-round, with even more shedding occurring seasonally (which is an unfortunate sight for the vacuum cleaner!). Some of the most common heavy shedders include:
- Labrador Retrievers
- Golden Retrievers
- German Shepherds
- Huskies
- Rottweiler
Breeds that may be better for allergy sufferers
Low-shedding dog breeds are a great option for those who prefer less fur around the home or have allergies. While there is no such thing as a dog that is completely hypoallergenic, these breeds tend to shed minimally:
- Poodles
- Bichon Frise
- Maltese
- Cavoodle
- Labradoodle
Managing dog allergies at home
Living with a dog dander allergy doesn’t always mean giving up your furry friend. With the right strategies in place and by making a few adjustments to your daily routine and surroundings, you can manage symptoms and create a more comfortable home environment for both you and your pet.
Reducing allergens indoors
We know that chores can be a bore but, in order to keep dog dander levels around the house to a minimum, it’s best to have a regular dusting and cleaning program in place. In addition to cleaning your pet’s beds, toys, and blankets, for best results you should wash your own bedding, comforters, and sheets through a hot water wash on a weekly basis. This will help you allergen-proof your bedroom and other areas.
Carpet cleaning is essential (of course!), but also keep items such as stuffed animals, sofa throws, and cushions clean, as these can also be powerful hiding spots for dander.
Using a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter or a high quality secondary filter for your cleaning can help you achieve the best outcomes. Additionally, it’s probably best to vacuum only when the family member with the allergy is not at home, as vacuuming agitates surfaces and temporarily fills the air with allergens, including dander.
Another great tip: consider using portable air purifiers or whole-house filtration systems. HEPA-standard filters are the best types of air filters available. While high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters tend to be more expensive, they may be more effective at removing nasty allergens than standard run-of-the-mill vacuum cleaners. If you use a portable machine, focus on the areas where the allergic family member spends the most time. If you have a whole house filter, make sure you set it to clean the air well before you get up or get home.
Personal protective measures
There’s no time better than now to be taking those extra steps to minimise exposure to allergens that will help to reduce or prevent your dog allergy symptoms! Other things you can do include sectioning off your bedroom, bed, and other personal areas. Though allergens will inevitably spread into these areas through air currents and people’s clothing, by not allowing your pooch to spend time in these areas, this will help minimise the amount of dander.
If you come into contact with your dog by petting or hugging them, wash your hands thoroughly, change your clothes, or take a shower to remove allergens and reduce the risk of having an allergic reaction.
Regularly bathing and brushing your pets is a great routine to adopt, as it can minimise dander levels on your dog and reduce deposits around the house – so make sure your pet is well washed and groomed.
Lastly, allergen-resistant bedding and furniture can help reduce dander levels. We recommend keeping your dog’s bedding in a dedicated zone or room in the house, well away from the spaces that the allergic family member tends to spend the most time in. Washing your dog’s rugs, beds, cushions, blankets, and washable play items and toys regularly is also important to avoid dander build-up.
Diet and immune support
While no specific food can completely prevent dog allergies, certain nutrients may help support your immune system and reduce inflammation, potentially easing allergy symptoms:
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Fish oil, flaxseeds, and walnuts have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce allergic reactions.
- Vitamin C: Citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens act as a natural antihistamine.
- Probiotics: Yoghurt and fermented foods may also help regulate immune responses.
Medical treatments and remedies for dog allergies
If you can’t limit your exposure to your dog or can’t bear to be apart from your furry friend, managing your allergy symptoms becomes essential for maintaining your comfort and quality of life. Medications like antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays, and decongestants are commonly used to reduce symptoms like sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes. These can provide quick and easy relief for mild to moderate reactions to dog allergies.
For those seeking a longer-term solution, allergen immunotherapy (desensitisation), is an option. This treatment, offered by immunologists, involves gradually increasing exposure to allergens over several years (usually three to five) to build tolerance and reduce sensitivity.
Living with a dog if you have allergies
If you develop an allergy to your dog, it's natural to consider rehoming. However, before making this big decision (for you and your fur-bestie), explore compassionate solutions to manage your symptoms.
Implementing strategies like frequent cleaning, using HEPA air purifiers, and creating pet-free zones can significantly reduce allergen exposure. While, regular grooming and bathing of your dog can also work wonders to minimise dander.
When it comes to allergies, symptoms can persist as long as the allergen is present in your home. Pet dander can stay in your home for months at a time. While some might notice a reduction in their symptoms, it’s not exactly guaranteed. It’s helpful to consult with a healthcare professional on how to minimise your symptoms, and which approach is right for you.
Can I become allergic to my dog all of a sudden?
As our immune system adapts and changes, it is possible that pet parents can suddenly develop allergies to their pet. Some might find that they are only allergic to a certain breed of dogs (such as dogs with more dander), but this might not be the case for everyone.
When to see a doctor about dog allergies
If you find that common dog allergy symptoms like coughing, sneezing, hay fever, or a runny nose are interfering with your daily life, it's important to get in touch with a healthcare professional. They can help identify the cause of your symptoms and recommend appropriate treatments to manage your condition.
However, if you experience more severe symptoms such as anaphylaxis, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the throat, it's crucial to act immediately. These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction, and you should call 000 and request an ambulance without delay.
Managing dog allergies doesn’t mean you have to part with your beloved buddy, but it does require a little extra tender loving care. Protect yourself and your home by exploring allergy management solutions, from allergy medications to air purifiers. If you're worried about the costs associated with managing allergies, don’t be!